Vaccine development often only hits the headlines when there’s a breakthrough clinical trial or final approval. Behind every successful vaccine, however, is a lesser-known stage of research that quietly... read more →
The earliest stages of the development of any vaccine involve laying out the roadmap for its design and testing. A vast network of interlinked paths from a new idea... read more →
The control: a vital part of any scientific experiment. The only way to establish causality between the dependent and independent variables in an experiment is by comparison with a... read more →
Validation of statistical software is required for use in regulatory work. Many auditors expect to see the traditional IQ, OQ, PQ approach applied to the base system (SAS, R,... read more →
One of the most important concepts in bioassay is that of replication. Test samples are regularly replicated 2 or 3 times. Multiple response measurements at each dose will, in... read more →